- jeudi 02 septembre 2010 à 12h
- Correction: Czechoslovakia
Last week’s story on drug use in the former Czechoslovakia incorrectly conflated the velvet revolution and the velvet divorce. The country split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993, not 1989. Our apologies for the error, which has been corrected online.
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- jeudi 02 septembre 2010 à 12h
- The French opposition: Maybe he Strauss-Kahn't
What looks obvious to outsiders is not clear to France’s Socialists
FRANCE’S opposition Socialist Party should be building up for its best crack at the French presidency in over a decade. The incumbent, Nicolas Sarkozy, is unpopular. Polls find that a majority of the French want the left to return to power. And, in Dominique Strauss-Kahn (pictured), the boss of the IMF in Washington, DC, the Socialists have a potential candidate with a real chance of victory in 2012. One new poll finds that, if a presidential election were to take place today, Mr Strauss-Kahn would beat Mr Sarkozy in a second-round run-off by a crushing 59% to 41%.
If only it were that simple. After its summer conference at the Atlantic resort of La Rochelle last weekend, where delegates discussed socialism over platters of fruits de mer, the party is certainly feeling upbeat. It put on a show of unity, with rival grandees posing together for the cameras in studious harmony. Yet Mr Strauss-Kahn, the party’s best potential candidate, may not get the nomination. ...
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- jeudi 02 septembre 2010 à 12h
- Europe's Roma: Hard travelling
Scapegoated abroad and the victims of prejudice at home, eastern Europe’s Roma are the problem no politician wants to solve
SLOVAKIA is in shock; France in uproar. The cause of both nations’ turmoil is the Roma (gypsies), or, rather, what is being done to them. This week a gunman in the Slovak capital, Bratislava, killed seven people and injured 14, before shooting himself dead. Six of the victims were a Roma family, killed inside their apartment; they appear to have been deliberately targeted.
In France the expulsion of hundreds of Roma immigrants, whom Nicolas Sarkozy’s government says were in the country illegally, has galvanised opposition from the pope, French churches, a UN committee and even several ministers in Mr Sarkozy’s own government. Yet further tough legislation is promised. ...
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- jeudi 02 septembre 2010 à 12h
- Charlemagne: Long live the Karlings
The emperor Charlemagne is the wrong father-figure for Europe
BEYOND the octagon of Aachen cathedral lies the golden shrine of St Mary, holding ancient relics that are displayed every seven years: the cloak of the Virgin, the swaddling clothes of the infant Jesus, the loincloth of the Saviour on the Cross and the cloth that held the severed head of John the Baptist. Such wonders made Aachen one of the great pilgrimage sites of medieval Europe. In these more sceptical times, it is the other golden casket here that commands the visitor’s attention: the one bearing the remains of Charlemagne.
The Frankish warrior-king, crowned as heir of the Roman emperors by Pope Leo III in 800, is still revered locally as a saint. More importantly, he is the icon of Europe’s newer, secular faith: political and economic integration. Since 1950 Aachen has bestowed a yearly Charlemagne prize on the figure deemed to have done most to promote European unity. The winners are mostly a predictable cast of grandees. In 2002 the prize was awarded not to a person but to the euro. And in 2004 the judges conferred the prize on Pope John Paul II; a reversal, perhaps, of Leo’s coronation of Charlemagne. ...
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- jeudi 02 septembre 2010 à 12h
- Germany's energy policy: Nuclear power? Um, maybe
Angela Merkel agonises over a planned phase-out of Germany’s nuclear capacity
WHEN Angela Merkel cares about an issue she does not give a speech. Instead, she hits the road. Lately Germany’s chancellor has travelled to a wind park in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, a nuclear reactor in Lower Saxony, and an energy-generating house in Hesse. Aiming to draw attention to Germany’s dilemmas in deciding how much and what sort of power to produce and consume in the coming decades, Mrs Merkel will bundle her answers into a comprehensive “energy concept”, to be unveiled at the end of September.
This is like coming up with a menu that pleases both carnivores and herbivores. Much of the debate revolves around whether to scrap a plan devised by an earlier government to cease nuclear-power generation by 2022. The decision will affect Mrs Merkel’s political standing and the public finances, as well as Germany’s energy future. With roughly a quarter of generation capacity due to reach retirement age by 2020, decisions made now will shape the energy profile of Europe’s biggest economy for years. There is “a window of opportunity for good changes or for messing up the situation for the next 50 years,” says Olav Hohmeyer, an economist at the University of Flensburg. ...
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- jeudi 26 août 2010 à 12h
- Drugs in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: High contrast
Why are the Czechs more lenient on narcotic use than the Slovaks?
FOR many Czechs, CzechTek, an outdoor rave where revellers danced for days, often on a cocktail of speed, ecstasy and methamphetamine, was once a highlight of the summer. Authorities concerned about drug use found it less attractive. Five years ago 80 people were hurt when police used water cannon and tear gas on a crowd of 5,000 ravers. Jiri Paroubek, the prime minister, described them as “obsessed people with anarchist proclivities…who provoke massive violent demonstrations, fuelled by alcohol and drugs, against peaceful society”.
So it came as a surprise when Czech politicians liberalised the country’s drug laws. Since January 1st techno fans (and other users) have faced nothing worse than a fine if caught with an amount the law considers intended for personal use. ...
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- jeudi 26 août 2010 à 12h
- Spanish politics: Losing his grip
Spain’s prime minister faces a minor insurrection within his own party
IT IS a brave act of defiance. It is also a sign that Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, Spain’s prime minister, is losing the iron grip he once held on his Socialist Party. A row has erupted over Mr Zapatero’s attempt to impose a candidate to lead the party into elections for the Madrid region’s parliament next May.
Mr Zapatero’s candidate for the post, one of Spain’s 17 powerful regional premierships, is Trinidad Jimenez (pictured), Spain’s health minister. She is opposed by Tomas Gomez, the pugnacious leader of the Socialists’ Madrid branch, who wants to stand himself. Rather than bow to his boss’s demands, as expected, Mr Gomez has forced a party vote, which will be held in October. ...
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- jeudi 26 août 2010 à 12h
- Skopje: A Macedonian makeover
The capital city gets a controversial facelift
ITS charms are many, but architecture is not usually seen as one of them. Rebuilt after an earthquake in 1963 wiped out most of the city, Skopje, the capital of the ex-Yugoslav republic of Macedonia, was for years characterised by ugly concrete blocks and strange empty spaces. But earlier this year Nikola Gruevski's conservative government produced a video that revealed the full ambition of “Skopje 2014”, its plan for a radical reinvention of the city centre.
It was hard to take the scheme seriously. Fifteen grand buildings, including a new foreign ministry and a constitutional court, were to be built from scratch. Older structures, such as the parliament, were to be tarted up with domes and other accoutrements. In the city's main square, the government would erect a giant statue of Alexander the Great. ...
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- jeudi 26 août 2010 à 12h
- Oil in Greenland: Black stuff in a green land
After decades of searching, evidence of oil is found off the coast of Greenland
WHEN Cairn Energy, a British petrochemicals company, this week announced the first firm indication of worthwhile oil deposits off Greenland’s coast, inhabitants of Nuuk, the island’s gritty capital, greeted the news with their customary equanimity. “That’s nice,” said a housewife less interested in the implications of a possible oil bonanza than in negotiating her country’s sole pedestrian crossing in the sleeting rain.
Several hundred miles north in Baffin Bay, Greenpeace eco-warriors seeking to halt offshore oil exploration in the Arctic faced down a Danish warship. The government hotly contests Greenpeace’s claim that, because oil degrades far more slowly in freezing waters, a Mexican Gulf-style oil spill would mean calamity for the fragile environment. “Our safety standards are the highest in the world,” says Henrik Stendal, chief geologist at the Government Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum. ...
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- jeudi 26 août 2010 à 12h
- Italy's highway code: Roads to ruin
An optimistic attempt to impose order on Italy’s roads
ANARCHY, ignorance of the law or just a belief that rules are optional: Italian behaviour in traffic is a colourful, and worrying, mosaic. Government ministers with seat belts left unbuckled; police cars that ignore red lights; parking on pedestrian crossings; mobile phones glued to drivers’ ears; and widespread speeding on every road from country lanes to autostrade—such is the anarchy of the road in Italy. Five times as many people are injured on Italian roads as on French ones and, although the number has fallen in recent years, road deaths in Italy are still far higher than in many other large European countries.
A new highway code offers hope that Italians will improve their behaviour behind the wheel. Parts of the code await ministerial decrees, some of which will be issued over the next six months. But important sections covering road safety have already entered into force. One deals with pedestrian crossings, where injuries and deaths are common, thanks in part to the failure of town councils to ensure that road markings are clear and crossings well lit. Yet although the new code promises a “more rigorous right of way” for pedestrians, instructing drivers to stop at crossings when a pedestrian is about to cross, this will be difficult to enforce in a country where the car has always come first. ...
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- jeudi 26 août 2010 à 12h
- French politics resumes: Tough-guy Sarko
Drowning in unpopularity and beset by scandal, the French president lashes out at some easy targets
AFTER a three-week holiday at his wife’s family villa on France’s Mediterranean coast, President Nicolas Sarkozy returned to work this week for what could be the most testing autumn of his presidency. Deeply unpopular—a poll this week found that 62% of the French do not want him to seek re-election in 2012—the president faces four sources of trouble in the coming weeks: pension reform, the budget, nationality law and the expulsion of Roma (gypsies), and an ongoing political scandal linked to Liliane Bettencourt, the heiress to the L’Oreal cosmetics empire. Mr Sarkozy’s management of them will set the tone for the remainder of his presidency.
The first two will test Mr Sarkozy’s reformist resolve. On September 7th parliament will start to debate his proposal to raise France’s legal retirement age from 60 to 62. The plan may not look revolutionary. But it breaks a cherished French pattern of progressively shortening the amount of time people spend at work. Trade unions are furious, and plan a series of strikes starting on the same date. The opposition Socialist Party is also against. But under the close watch of credit-rating agencies, which want to see proof of France’s will to control its public finances, Mr Sarkozy cannot afford to give ground. ...
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- jeudi 19 août 2010 à 13h
- Turkish foreign policy: The great mediator
Sometimes Turkey really is a bridge between west and east
IN JUNE 2006, days after a young Israeli private was captured by Hamas, Israel’s ambassador to Turkey paid a midnight visit to Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the prime minister. Gilad Shalit was feared to be gravely ill, perhaps even dead. Could Turkey help? Phone calls were made and favours called in. Mr Shalit turned out to be alive, and his captors promised the Turks they would treat him respectfully.
Turkey’s relations with Israel, once an ally, have worsened of late, and hit a fresh low in May, when Israeli commandos raided a Turkish ship carrying humanitarian supplies to Gaza, killing nine Turkish citizens. Yet Turkey continues to lobby Hamas for Mr Shalit’s release. ...
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- jeudi 19 août 2010 à 13h
- Italian politics: Slinging dirt
A lively August for Italy’s politicians
THE middle finger that Umberto Bossi, leader of the Northern League, a partner in Silvio Berlusconi’s ruling coalition, raised to photographers last month says much about the condition of Italian politics. The degeneration has proceeded unabated into the dog days of August, spurred by a dramatic split in Mr Berlusconi’s People of Freedom (PdL) party.
The decision, in late July, of 33 members of the lower house and ten of the upper house to split from the PdL and establish a group called Future and Freedom (FLI), under the leadership of Gianfranco Fini, a former ally of Mr Berlusconi, places the prime minister in jeopardy. The role of Giorgio Napolitano, Italy’s president, is crucial. Constitutionally, if the government loses the support of parliament, Mr Napolitano should sound out the possibility of a new administration and, if that fails, call fresh elections. But Mr Bossi and senior members of the PdL claim that Mr Berlusconi enjoys a direct popular mandate and so should have the right to dissolve parliament himself. ...
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- jeudi 19 août 2010 à 13h
- Bulgarian relics: A sainted discovery
The Bulgarian government recruits an unlikely ally
FLAUNTING an old tooth and a few bones is an unusual way to attract tourists and distract voters. Not in Bulgaria, where a recently excavated box of ancient bone fragments is said to contain partial remains of St John the Baptist.
On July 28th Kazimir Popconstantinov, an archaeologist, found the box while digging under the altar of an early Christian church on a Black Sea islet off the coast of Sozopol, a small, fading resort town in the east of the country. The box bore an inscription with John’s name and presumed date of birth. ...
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- jeudi 19 août 2010 à 13h
- Illegal immigration in Greece: Border burden
Greece struggles to deal with a European problem
GUARDING their nation’s frontiers has traditionally been an honourable task for Greeks. These days they are almost begging for foreign assistance. Greece’s borders have become the gateway of choice for the vast majority of people hoping to enter the European Union illegally, and the country is finding it difficult to cope. Of the 106,200 people detected trying to cross illegally into the European Union in 2009, almost three-quarters were stopped in Greece (see chart). Early data for 2010 suggest that, although absolute numbers are falling, Greece’s burden has risen further, to about 80% of the EU total, up from 50% three years ago. Compounding the problem is a rule that says undocumented immigrants found anywhere in the EU must be returned to their country of entry—usually Greece.
Detention centres for irregular immigrants in Greece are small and understaffed, and there are too few of them. Cash-strapped authorities encourage detainees to move on to Athens before their claims have been processed. And on top of the flow of tens of thousands arriving every year is a stock of an estimated 300,000 illegal immigrants already in the country. The €80m ($103m) the government spends each year on tackling the problem is far from adequate, but with austerity in the air more cash is unlikely to be found. ...
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- jeudi 19 août 2010 à 13h
- Georgia: Georgia's mental revolution
Seven years after the Rose revolution, Georgia has come a long way
FOUNTAINS dance, children play and families stroll along Batumi’s five-mile seafront boulevard, lined with palm trees, hammocks and playgrounds. Less than a decade ago, Ajaria, a verdant south-western corner of Georgia of which Batumi is the regional capital, was the personal fief of Aslan Abashidze, a strongman who seemed to own the place more than run it. He never appeared without an army of goons, and closed the streets when his son felt like racing his Lamborghini. Cut off from the rest of Georgia by checkpoints, the economy was stagnant.
Today this gently beguiling holiday resort is an exhibition of Georgia’s capitalist achievements, a showcase of its transition and an advertisement for what Abkhazia, a separatist region to the north, could have become had it not been, in effect, annexed by Russia following the short Russia-Georgia war two years ago. ...
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- jeudi 12 août 2010 à 13h
- Turkey’s military: No jobs for the boys
Turkey’s generals lose another argument with the government
IT HAS been a rotten month for Turkey’s generals. Their latest wrangle with the ruling Justice and Development (AK) party over who should be promoted during the army’s annual August review has ended in stinging defeat.
General Ilker Basbug, who is poised to step down on August 30th after two years as chief of the general staff, suffered the biggest loss of face. He wanted Hasan Igsiz, commander of the 1st army corps, to become land-forces commander. But Turkey’s prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, blocked the move. General Igsiz has been linked to bogus internet sites used to smear AK; their content was used as evidence when Turkey’s chief prosecutor sought to ban the party two years ago. The general has also been implicated in an alleged plot against adherents of the Fethullah Gulen movement, an Islamic fraternity that broadly supports AK. ...
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- jeudi 12 août 2010 à 13h
- Central and eastern European security: Reset and unsettled
The Obama administration is working hard to please its ex-communist allies in Europe. But they are still twitchy
LISTEN to critics of Barack Obama’s administration and the story of American policy in eastern Europe is of a grand betrayal, featuring the binning of a promised missile-defence system, the freezing of NATO enlargement and the headlong pursuit of better ties with Russia.
The facts are rather different. The single biggest security problem in the region was left untouched by the Bush administration: the near-defencelessness of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Their security rested on the treaty promise of NATO’s Article 5, which provides for collective self-defence, but most practical measures, such as plans and exercises, were taboo. The Obama administration has addressed that. It pushed NATO to make contingency plans. This year the organisation has scheduled several big military exercises in the Baltic. ...
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- jeudi 12 août 2010 à 13h
- Charlemagne : No boatloads but still trouble
Sometimes what does not happen is the real news
IT IS the middle of August, traditionally the height of the Mediterranean’s migrant-trafficking season. Yet thousands of dehydrated Africans and Asians are not arriving on the shores of the Canary Islands, southern Spain, Sicily and other Italian islands.
True, a handful are coming. On August 8th 40 woebegone North Africans were found to have increased the population of the Italian islet of Linosa by almost 10%. A Catholic charity, Caritas, claimed that seaborne migration in the central Mediterranean was picking up. But figures from the European Union’s border-security agency, Frontex, show that a mere 150 people reached Italy and Malta in the first quarter of this year, compared with 5,200 in the same period of 2009. Irregular migration to the Canary Islands, which was taking in tens of thousands of Africans a few years ago, had almost ground to a halt. In the first three months of 2010, just five people came ashore there. Stories of seaborne migration used to roil the politics of southern Europe regularly. Why not now? And where have all the migrants gone? ...
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